Main Page: Neurosurgery Portal: Reading List

About this reading list

As the only neurosurgery training program within the Department of Defense, the National Capital Consortium has a mission to “Train the Military Neurosurgeon.” A large part of this mission is to have a thorough understanding of the literature that is specific to what makes military neurosurgery unique. This reading list represents a literature search designed to bring together these articles in one location for easy access. By understanding the lessons learned from previous conflicts, we can better internalize and apply these lessons to future conflicts when and where they arise.

--CDR Chris J Neal, MC USN, Neurosurgery Program Director NCC

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WRNMMC-affiliated personnel

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Below, you will find the 5 most recent articles that match the Military Neurosurgery search in PubMed.

Military Neurosurgery Articles

Agarwalla PK, Dunn GP, Laws ER. An historical context of modern principles in the management of intracranial injury from projectiles. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E23.
Armonda RA, Bell RS, Vo AH, et al. Wartime traumatic cerebral vasospasm: recent review of combat casualties. Neurosurgery. 2006;59(6):1215-1225; discussion 1225.
Armonda RA, Vo AH, Bell R, Neal C, Campbell WW. Multimodal monitoring during emergency hemicraniectomy for vein of Labbe thrombosis. Neurocrit Care. 2006;4(3):241-244.
Atabey C, Asir A, Ersoy T. Management of head trauma due to landmine explosions: from battle field to operation room. Br J Neurosurg. 2012;26(2):208-211.
Atabey C, Ersoy T. An unusual penetrating craniocerebral injury due to landmine explosion: a case report. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2012;18(2):181-184.
Barhoum M, Tobias S, Elron M, Sharon A, Heija T, Soustiel JF. Syria civil war: Outcomes of humanitarian neurosurgical care provided to Syrian wounded refugees in Israel. Brain Inj. 2015;29(11):1370-1375.
Bashir MU, Tahir MZ, Bari E, Mumtaz S. Craniocerebral injuries in war against terrorism --- a contemporary series from Pakistan. Chin J Traumatol. 2013;16(3):149-157.
Bell RS, Ecker RD, Severson MA, 3rd, Wanebo JE, Crandall B, Armonda RA. The evolution of the treatment of traumatic cerebrovascular injury during wartime. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E5.
Bell RS, Mossop CM, Dirks MS, et al. Early decompressive craniectomy for severe penetrating and closed head injury during wartime. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E1.
Bell RS, Vo AH, Neal CJ, et al. Military traumatic brain and spinal column injury: a 5-year study of the impact blast and other military grade weaponry on the central nervous system. J Trauma. 2009;66(4 Suppl):S104-111.
Bell RS, Vo AH, Roberts R, Wanebo J, Armonda RA. Wartime traumatic aneurysms: acute presentation, diagnosis, and multimodal treatment of 64 craniocervical arterial injuries. Neurosurgery. 2010;66(1):66-79; discussion 79.
Bhatti SH, Ahmed I, Qureshi NA, Akram M, Khan J. Head trauma due to earthquake October, 2005 - experience of 300 cases at the Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2008;18(1):22-26.
Blair JA, Patzkowski JC, Schoenfeld AJ, et al. Are spine injuries sustained in battle truly different? Spine J. 2012;12(9):824-829.
Blair JA, Possley DR, Petfield JL, Schoenfeld AJ, Lehman RA, Hsu JR. Military penetrating spine injuries compared with blunt. Spine J. 2012;12(9):762-768.
Breeze J, Masterson L, Banfield G. Outcomes from penetrating ballistic cervical injury. J R Army Med Corps. 2012;158(2):96-100.
Brett-Major DM, Baraniak SM, Gilhooly JE, et al. Foreign-body reaction mimicking postneurosurgical infection after cranioplasty. Mil Med. 2008;173(7):697-699.
Chambers JA, Hiles CL, Keene BP. Brachial plexus injury management in military casualties: who, what, when, why, and how. Mil Med. 2014;179(6):640-644.
Choi JJ, Cirivello MJ, Neal CJ, Armonda RA. Paradoxical herniation in wartime penetrating brain injury with concomitant skull-base trauma. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22(6):2163-2167.
Cody JP, Kang DG, Lehman RA, Jr. Combat-related lumbopelvic dissociation treated with percutaneous sacroiliac screw placement. Spine J. 2012;12(9):858-859.
Comstock S, Pannell D, Talbot M, Compton L, Withers N, Tien HC. Spinal injuries after improvised explosive device incidents: implications for Tactical Combat Casualty Care. J Trauma. 2011;71(5 Suppl 1):S413-417.
Dagain A, Aoun O, Bordes J, et al. Management of War-related Ballistic Craniocerebral Injuries in a French Role 3 Hospital During the Afghan Campaign. World Neurosurg. 2017.
Davidson L, Moores LE. Changing neurosurgical experiences: the Iran-Iraq war and operation Iraqi freedom. World Neurosurg. 2013;79(2):267-268.
DeWitt DS, Prough DS. Blast-induced brain injury and posttraumatic hypotension and hypoxemia. J Neurotrauma. 2009;26(6):877-887.
Donovan DJ, Iskandar JI, Citrone MJ, Royer MC. Successful removal of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma in a combat support hospital. Mil Med. 2006;171(3):211-215.
Donovan DJ, Iskandar JI, Dunn CJ, King JA. Aeromedical evacuation of patients with pneumocephalus: outcomes in 21 cases. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2008;79(1):30-35.
Donovan DJ, Moquin RR, Ecklund JM. Cranial burr holes and emergency craniotomy: review of indications and technique. Mil Med. 2006;171(1):12-19.
Dulou R, Dagain A, Delmas JM, et al. The French mobile neurosurgical unit. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E13.
Dworak TC, Kang DG, Lehman RA, Jr. Combat-related L3 fracture treated with L2-L4 posterior spinal fusion complicated by multidrug-resistant acinetobacter infection. Spine J. 2012;12(9):864-866.
Ebrahimi A, Nejadsarvari N, Rasouli HR, Ebrahimi A. Warfare-related secondary anterior cranioplasty. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2016;6(1):58-62.
Ecker RD, Mulligan LP, Dirks M, et al. Outcomes of 33 patients from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan undergoing bilateral or bicompartmental craniectomy. J Neurosurg. 2011;115(1):124-129.
Ecklund JM. The impact of military conflict in modern-day neurosurgical management. World Neurosurg. 2013;79(2):264-266.
Ecklund JM, Ling GS. From the battlefront: peripheral nerve surgery in modern day warfare. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2009;20(1):107-110, vii.
Eisenburg MF, Christie M, Mathew P. Battlefield neurosurgical care in the current conflict in southern Afghanistan. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E7.
Fang R, Dorlac GR, Allan PF, Dorlac WC. Intercontinental aeromedical evacuation of patients with traumatic brain injuries during Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E11.
Forbes JA, Laughlin I, Newberry S, Ryhn M, Pasley J, Newberry T. Stratification of risk to the surgical team in removal of small arms ammunition implanted in the craniofacial region: case report. J Neurosurg. 2016;125(3):661-666.
Formby PM, Wagner SC, Kang DG, Van Blarcum GS, Lehman RA, Jr. Operative management of complex lumbosacral dissociations in combat injuries. Spine J. 2016;16(10):1200-1207.
Formby PM, Wagner SC, Kang DG, Van Blarcum GS, Pisano AJ, Lehman RA, Jr. Reoperation after in-theater combat spine surgery. Spine J. 2016;16(3):329-334.
Freedman BA, Serrano JA, Belmont PJ, Jr., et al. The combat burst fracture study--results of a cohort analysis of the most prevalent combat specific mechanism of major thoracolumbar spinal injury. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014;134(10):1353-1359.
Galvin JW, Freedman BA, Schoenfeld AJ, Cap AP, Mok JM. Morbidity of early spine surgery in the multiply injured patient. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014;134(9):1211-1217.
Gilhooly J, Siu A, Beare M, Ecklund JM. Acute management of military-related injury. Handb Clin Neurol. 2015;127:379-393.
Greer LT, Kuehn RB, Gillespie DL, et al. Contemporary management of combat-related vertebral artery injuries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;74(3):818-824.
Guinand Vives CH, Monsalve Duarte GA, Beltran SV, Pinzon JO. Brain abscess caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Case report. J Neurosurg. 2009;111(2):306-310.
Helgeson MD, Lehman RA, Jr., Cooper P, Frisch M, Andersen RC, Bellabarba C. Retrospective review of lumbosacral dissociations in blast injuries. Spine. 2011;36(7):E469-475.
Hoffmann C, Falzone E, Dagain A, Cirodde A, Leclerc T, Lenoir B. Successful management of a severe combat penetrating brain injury. J R Army Med Corps. 2014;160(3):251-254.
Joubert C, Dulou R, Delmas JM, Desse N, Fouet M, Dagain A. Military neurosurgery in operation: experience in the French role-3 medical treatment facility of Kabul. Acta Neurochir (Wein). 2016;158(8):1453-1463.
Kang DG, Cody JP, Lehman RA, Jr. Open lumbosacral spine fractures with thecal sac ligation after combat blast trauma. Spine J. 2012;12(9):867-868.
Kang DG, Cody JP, Lehman RA, Jr. Combat-related lumbopelvic dissociation treated with L4 to ilium posterior fusion. Spine J. 2012;12(9):860-861.
Kang DG, Dworak TC, Lehman RA, Jr. Combat-related L5 burst fracture treated with L4-S1 posterior spinal fusion. Spine J. 2012;12(9):862-863.
Kang DG, Lehman RA, Jr., Bevevino AJ, Bernstock JD. Large caliber ballistic fragment within the spinal canal. Spine J. 2012;12(9):869-870.
Klimo P, Jr., Ragel BT. Introduction: military neurosurgery, past and present. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):Introduction 1-2.
Klimo P, Jr., Ragel BT, Jones GM, McCafferty R. Severe Pediatric Head Injury During the Iraq and Afghanistan Conflicts. Neurosurgery. 2015;77(1):1-7; discussion 7.
Klimo P, Jr., Ragel BT, Rosner M, Gluf W, McCafferty R. Can surgery improve neurological function in penetrating spinal injury? A review of the military and civilian literature and treatment recommendations for military neurosurgeons. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E4.
Klimo P, Jr., Ragel BT, Scott WH, Jr., McCafferty R. Pediatric neurosurgery during Operation Enduring Freedom. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2010;6(2):107-114.
Kumar AR, Bradley JP, Harshbarger R, et al. Warfare-related craniectomy defect reconstruction: early success using custom alloplast implants. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;127(3):1279-1287.
Lehman RA, Jr., Kang DG, Bellabarba C. A new classification for complex lumbosacral injuries. Spine J. 2012;12(7):612-628.
Lehman RA, Jr., Paik H, Eckel TT, Helgeson MD, Cooper PB, Bellabarba C. Low lumbar burst fractures: a unique fracture mechanism sustained in our current overseas conflicts. Spine J. 2012;12(9):784-790.
Ling G, Bandak F, Armonda R, Grant G, Ecklund J. Explosive blast neurotrauma. J Neurotrauma. 2009;26(6):815-825.
Ling G, Ecklund J. Neuro-Critical care in modern war. J Trauma. 2007;62(6 Suppl):S102.
Louwes TM, Ward WH, Lee KH, Freedman BA. Combat-related intradural gunshot wound to the thoracic spine: significant improvement and neurologic recovery following bullet removal. Asian Spine J. 2015;9(1):127-132.
Martin JE, Teff RJ, Spinella PC. Care of pediatric neurosurgical patients in Iraq in 2007: clinical and ethical experience of a field hospital. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2010;6(3):250-256.
Mathew P, Gibbons AJ, Christie M, Eisenburg MF. Operative treatment of paediatric penetrating head injuries in southern Afghanistan. Br J Neurosurg. 2013;27(4):489-496.
Mathew P, Nott DM, Gentleman D. Safe management of paediatric penetrating head injury without a CT scanner: A strategy for humanitarian surgeons based on experience in southern Afghanistan. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2016;98(3):198-205.
Mauer UM, Freude G, Schulz C, Kunz U, Mathieu R. Pediatric Neurosurgical Care in a German Field Hospital in Afghanistan. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2017;78(1):20-24.
Mauer UM, Kunz U. Management of neurotrauma by surgeons and orthopedists in a military operational setting. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E10.
Mauer UM, Schulz C, Rothe R, Kunz U. German military neurosurgery at home and abroad. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E14.
McCafferty RR, Lennarson PJ. Common chemical agent threats. Neurosurg Focus. 2002;12(3):E3.
Mellor A, Ralph JK, Harrisson SE. Neurosurgical trauma on the battlefield; what can we do and what should we do? J R Nav Med Serv. 2009;95(3):136-141.
Meyer RM, Larkin MB, Szuflita NS, et al. Early venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis in combat-related penetrating brain injury. J Neurosurg. 2016:1-9.
Moores LE. Weapons of mass destruction and the role of the neurosurgeon. Neurosurg Focus. 2002;12(3):E6.
Moores LE. Threat credibility and weapons of mass destruction. Neurosurg Focus. 2002;12(3):E1.
Moquin RR, Moquin ME. Weapons of mass destruction: biological. Neurosurg Focus. 2002;12(3):E2.
Neal CJ, Moores LE. Weapons of mass destruction: radiation. Neurosurg Focus. 2002;12(3):E4.
Orman JA, Geyer D, Jones J, et al. Epidemiology of moderate-to-severe penetrating versus closed traumatic brain injury in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(6 Suppl 5):S496-502.
Park MS. The neurosurgical mission at the NATO Role 3, multinational medical unit in Kandahar air field, Afghanistan. World Neurosurg. 2011;76(3-4):217-218.
Poopitaya S, Kanchanaroek K. Injuries of the thoracolumbar spine from tertiary blast injury in Thai military personnel during conflict in southern Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai. 2009;92 Suppl 1:S129-134.
Possley DR, Blair JA, Schoenfeld AJ, Lehman RA, Hsu JR. Complications associated with military spine injuries. Spine J. 2012;12(9):756-761.
Ragel BT, Allred CD, Brevard S, Davis RT, Frank EH. Fractures of the thoracolumbar spine sustained by soldiers in vehicles attacked by improvised explosive devices. Spine. 2009;34(22):2400-2405.
Ragel BT, Klimo P, Jr., Kowalski RJ, et al. Neurosurgery in Afghanistan during "Operation Enduring Freedom": a 24-month experience. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E8.
Ragel BT, Klimo P, Jr., Martin JE, Teff RJ, Bakken HE, Armonda RA. Wartime decompressive craniectomy: technique and lessons learned. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E2.
Ragel BT, McCafferty RR. Indirect gunshot wound to the head. Acta Neurochir. 2008;150(12):1311-1312; discussion 1312.
Ravindra VM, Wallace SA, Vaidya R, et al. Spinal Stabilization Using Orthopedic Extremity Instrumentation Sets During Operation Enduring Freedom-Afghanistan. World Neurosurg. 2016;86:503-509.
Reno J. Military aeromedical evacuation, with special emphasis on craniospinal trauma. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E12.
Roberts SA, Toman E, Belli A, Midwinter MJ. Decompressive craniectomy and cranioplasty: experience and outcomes in deployed UK military personnel. Br J Neurosurg. 2016;30(5):529-535.
Rosenfeld JV. Damage control neurosurgery. Injury. 2004;35(7):655-660.
Rosenfeld JV. A neurosurgeon in Iraq: a personal perspective. J Clin Neurosci. 2006;13(10):986-990.
Rosenfeld JV, Bell RS, Armonda R. Current concepts in penetrating and blast injury to the central nervous system. World J Surg. 2015;39(6):1352-1362.
Rosner MK, Neal CJ, Floyd DT. 828 Neurosurgical Experience in Theater during Operation Iraqi Freedom. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(2):404.
- Problem link: WR-B personnel click here to go directly to the citation.
Ruddick B, Tomlin J. Pneumocephalus and neurosurgery in rotary aircrew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015;86(1):59-61.
Rymarczuk GN, Davidson L, Severson MA, Armonda RA. Use of a Minimally Invasive Retractor System for Retrieval of Intracranial Fragments in Wartime Trauma. World Neurosurg. 2015;84(4):1055-1061.
Schlifka B. Lessons learned from OIF: a neurosurgical perspective. J Trauma. 2007;62(6 Suppl):S103-104.
Schoenfeld AJ, Laughlin MD, McCriskin BJ, Bader JO, Waterman BR, Belmont PJ, Jr. Spinal injuries in United States military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan: an epidemiological investigation involving 7877 combat casualties from 2005 to 2009. Spine. 2013;38(20):1770-1778.
Schoenfeld AJ, Lehman RA, Jr., Hsu JR. Evaluation and management of combat-related spinal injuries: a review based on recent experiences. Spine J. 2012;12(9):817-823.
Schoenfeld AJ, Mok JM, Cameron B, Jackson KL, Serrano JA, Freedman BA. Evaluation of immediate postoperative complications and outcomes among military personnel treated for spinal trauma in Afghanistan: a cohort-control study of 50 cases. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2014;27(7):376-381.
Schulz C, Kunz U, Mauer UM. Three years of neurosurgical experience in a multinational field hospital in northern Afghanistan. Acta Neurochir. 2012;154(1):135-140; discussion 140.
Schurr PH. The evolution of field neurosurgery in the British Army. J R Soc Med. 2005;98(9):423-427.
Secer HI, Gonul E, Izci Y. Head injuries due to landmines. Acta Neurochir. 2007;149(8):777-781; discussion 782.
Shurbaji A, Rosahl SK, Feigl GC, Samii M. Metallic foreign body in the cavernous sinus causing delayed formation of brain abscess after missile injury. J Trauma. 2006;60(5):1135-1137; discussion 1137.
Smith JE, Kehoe A, Harrisson SE, Russell R, Midwinter M. Outcome of penetrating intracranial injuries in a military setting. Injury. 2014;45(5):874-878.
Smith JK, Miller ME, Carroll CG, et al. High-resolution ultrasound in combat-related peripheral nerve injuries. Muscle Nerve. 2016;54(6):1139-1144.
Spurrier E, Gibb I, Masouros S, Clasper J. Identifying Spinal Injury Patterns in Underbody Blast to Develop Mechanistic Hypotheses. Spine. 2016;41(5):E268-275.
Stahnisch FW. German Emergency Care in Neurosurgery and Military Neurology during World War II, 1939-1945. Front Neurol Neurosci. 2016;38:119-131.
Steele JJ, 3rd. Single Neurosurgeon Operative Experience at Craig Joint Theater Hospital During the Afghanistan Surge (November 2010 to April 2011), Part II: Humanitarian Cases. Mil Med. 2017;182(1):e1614-e1618.
Stephens FL, Mossop CM, Bell RS, et al. Cranioplasty complications following wartime decompressive craniectomy. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E3.
Szuflita NS, Neal CJ, Rosner MK, Frankowski RF, Grossman RG. Spine Injuries Sustained by U.S. Military Personnel in Combat are Different From Non-Combat Spine Injuries. Mil Med. 2016;181(10):1314-1323.
Tantawi D, Armonda R, Valerio I, Kumar AR. Management of decompressive craniectomy defects: modern military treatment strategies. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23(7 Suppl 1):2042-2045.
Teff RJ. Use of neurosurgical decision-making and damage-control neurosurgery courses in the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts: a surgeon's experience. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E9.
Tudor M, Tudor L, Tudor KI. Complications of missile craniocerebral injuries during the Croatian Homeland War. Mil Med. 2005;170(5):422-426.
Vadivelu S, Bell RS, Crandall B, DeGraba T, Armonda RA. Delayed detection of carotid-cavernous fistulas associated with wartime blast-induced craniofacial trauma. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E6.
Wagner SC, Van Blarcum GS, Kang DG, Lehman RA. Operative treatment of new onset radiculopathy secondary to combat injury. Mil Med. 2015;180(2):137-140.
Wani AA, Ramzan AU, Malik NK, et al. Missile injury to the pediatric brain in conflict zones. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2011;7(3):276-281.
Weisbrod AB, Rodriguez C, Bell R, et al. Long-term outcomes of combat casualties sustaining penetrating traumatic brain injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(6):1525-1530.
Willy C, Hauer T, Huschitt N, Palm HG. "Einsatzchirurgie"--experiences of German military surgeons in Afghanistan. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2011;396(4):507-522.
Wilson KL, Schenarts PJ, Bacchetta MD, Rai PR, Nakayama DK. Pediatric trauma experience in a combat support hospital in eastern Afghanistan over 10 months, 2010 to 2011. Am Surg. 2013;79(3):257-260.
Wiseman DB, Ellenbogen R, Shaffrey CI. Triage for the neurosurgeon. Neurosurg Focus. 2002;12(3):E5.
Wortmann GW, Valadka AB, Moores LE. Prevention and management of infections associated with combat-related central nervous system injuries. J Trauma. 2008;64(3 Suppl):S252-256.
Yegiyants S, Dayicioglu D, Kardashian G, Panthaki ZJ. Traumatic peripheral nerve injury: a wartime review. J Craniofac Surg. 2010;21(4):998-1001.

Surgical management of penetrating brain injury. J Trauma. 2001;51(2 Suppl):S16-25.
Aarabi B, Taghipour M, Alibaii E, Kamgarpour A. Central nervous system infections after military missile head wounds. Neurosurgery. 1998;42(3):500-507; discussion 507-509.
Aarabi B, Taghipour M, Haghnegahdar A, Farokhi M, Mobley L. Prognostic factors in the occurrence of posttraumatic epilepsy after penetrating head injury suffered during military service. Neurosurg Focus. 2000;8(1):e1.
Aarabi B. Comparative study of bacteriological contamination between primary and secondary exploration of missile head wounds. Neurosurgery. 1987;20(4):610-616.
Aarabi B. Traumatic aneurysms of brain due to high velocity missile head wounds. Neurosurgery. 1988;22(6 Pt 1):1056-1063.
Aarabi B. Causes of infections in penetrating head wounds in the Iran-Iraq War. Neurosurgery. 1989;25(6):923-926.
Aarabi B. Surgical outcome in 435 patients who sustained missile head wounds during the Iran-Iraq War. Neurosurgery. 1990;27(5):692-695; discussion 695.
Aarabi B. Management of traumatic aneurysms caused by high-velocity missile head wounds. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1995;6(4):775-797.
Abbott KH. Penicillin in treatment of craniocerebral injuries of war; with particular reference to its intraventricular use. Surgery. 1947;21(3):373-380.
Abdolvahabi RM, Dutcher SA, Wellwood JM, Michael DB. Craniocerebral missile injuries. Neurol Res. 2001;23(2-3):210-218.
Agarwalla PK, Dunn GP, Laws ER. An historical context of modern principles in the management of intracranial injury from projectiles. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E23.
Alabbasi T, Nathens AB, Tien H. Blunt splenic injury and severe brain injury: a decision analysis and implications for care. Can J Surg. 2015;58(3 Suppl 3):S108-117.
Alvis-Miranda HR, Adie Villafane R, Rojas A, Alcala-Cerra G, Moscote-Salazar LR. Management of Craniocerebral Gunshot Injuries: A Review. Korean J Neurotrauma. 2015;11(2):35-43.
Ameen AA. The management of acute craniocerebral injuries caused by missiles: analysis of 110 consecutive penetrating wounds of the brain from Basrah. Injury. 1984;16(2):88-90.
Ameen AA. Penetrating craniocerebral injuries: observations in the Iraqi Iranian War. Mil Med. 1987;152(2):76-79.
Amirjamshidi A, Abbassioun K, Rahmat H. Minimal debridement or simple wound closure as the only surgical treatment in war victims with low-velocity penetrating head injuries. Indications and management protocol based upon more than 8 years follow-up of 99 cases from Iran-Iraq conflict. Surg Neurol. 2003;60(2):105-110; discussion 110-101.
Amirjamshidi A, Rahmat H, Abbassioun K. Traumatic aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas of intracranial vessels associated with penetrating head injuries occurring during war: principles and pitfalls in diagnosis and management. A survey of 31 cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 1996;84(5):769-780.
Aras M, Altas M, Yilmaz A, et al. Being a neighbor to Syria: a retrospective analysis of patients brought to our clinic for cranial gunshot wounds in the Syrian civil war. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2014;125:222-228.
Arendall RE, Meirowsky AM. Air sinus wounds: an analysis of 163 consecutive cases incurred in the Korean War, 1950-1952. Neurosurgery. 1983;13(4):377-380.
Armonda RA, Bell RS, Vo AH, et al. Wartime traumatic cerebral vasospasm: recent review of combat casualties. Neurosurgery. 2006;59(6):1215-1225; discussion 1225.
Armonda RA, Vo AH, Bell R, Neal C, Campbell WW. Multimodal monitoring during emergency hemicraniectomy for vein of Labbe thrombosis. Neurocrit Care. 2006;4(3):241-244.
Atabey C, Asir A, Ersoy T. Management of head trauma due to landmine explosions: from battle field to operation room. Br J Neurosurg. 2012;26(2):208-211.
Atabey C, Ersoy T. An unusual penetrating craniocerebral injury due to landmine explosion: a case report. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2012;18(2):181-184.
Barrow DL, Nahai F, Tindall GT. The use of greater omentum vascularized free flaps for neurosurgical disorders requiring reconstruction. J Neurosurg. 1984;60(2):305-311.
Bashir MU, Tahir MZ, Bari E, Mumtaz S. Craniocerebral injuries in war against terrorism --- a contemporary series from Pakistan. Chin J Traumatol. 2013;16(3):149-157.
Bayston R, de Louvois J, Brown EM, Johnston RA, Lees P, Pople IK. Use of antibiotics in penetrating craniocerebral injuries. "Infection in Neurosurgery" Working Party of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Lancet. 2000;355(9217):1813-1817.
Bazardzanovic M, Brkic H, Korkut D, Jahic E, Mujcinovic Z. Craniocerebral injuries in combat soldiers treated at the Sapna war hospital, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croat Med J. 1998;39(4):446-449.
Bell RS, Ecker RD, Severson MA, 3rd, Wanebo JE, Crandall B, Armonda RA. The evolution of the treatment of traumatic cerebrovascular injury during wartime. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E5.
Bell RS, Mossop CM, Dirks MS, et al. Early decompressive craniectomy for severe penetrating and closed head injury during wartime. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;28(5):E1.
Bell RS, Vo AH, Neal CJ, et al. Military traumatic brain and spinal column injury: a 5-year study of the impact blast and other military grade weaponry on the central nervous system. J Trauma. 2009;66(4 Suppl):S104-111.
Bell RS, Vo AH, Roberts R, Wanebo J, Armonda RA. Wartime traumatic aneurysms: acute presentation, diagnosis, and multimodal treatment of 64 craniocervical arterial injuries. Neurosurgery. 2010;66(1):66-79; discussion 79.
Bhatoe HS. Retained intracranial splinters : a follow up study in survivors of low intensity military conflicts. Neurol India. 2001;49(1):29-32.
Bhatoe HS. Missile injuries of the anterior skull base. Skull Base. 2004;14(1):1-8; discussion 8.
Bhatti SH, Ahmed I, Qureshi NA, Akram M, Khan J. Head trauma due to earthquake October, 2005 - experience of 300 cases at the Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2008;18(1):22-26.
Brandvold B, Levi L, Feinsod M, George ED. Penetrating craniocerebral injuries in the Israeli involvement in the Lebanese conflict, 1982-1985. Analysis of a less aggressive surgical approach. J Neurosurg. 1990;72(1):15-21.
Brisman R, Harrington G. Military missile injury to pons and survival. Surg Neurol. 1973;1(3):171-172.
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